An overview of biorisks, focusing on some of the most catastrophic risks from biology, sometimes referred to as GCBRs (Global Catastrophic Biological Risks).

This week highlights some of the deadliest pandemics from history, as well as historical examples of pathogen laboratory escapes and deliberate misuse. This is placed in the context of the current rate of synthetic biology progress, emphasising the need for vigilance and preparedness for emerging threats.

The WHO defines Dual-Use Reaseach of Concern (DURC) as "research that is intended to provide a clear benefit, but which could easily be misapplied to do harm."

This week discusses the concept of DURC, and the debates around what research should be conducted and/or published.

DURC could take the form of:

• Research that is well-intentioned but may create risks as it is being carried out (e.g. work with potential pandemic pathogens, where a lab escape could be very problematic)
• Research that creates risks because someone else might misuse the information/methods if they are published openly.

During this week, we will delve into the advancements in the field of synthetic biology, and their implications for biosecurity. We will explore the significant progress in biotechnology over the past decade, the tools that make it possible, and the degree to which these developments have become accessible even to undergraduate scientists.

This week covers the deliberate misuse of biology to cause harm in the form of bioweapons. We cover the historical and contemporary aspects of biological warfare, as well as the international efforts to control it.

We focus on the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC), including the challenges faced in enforcing the it.

Explore the prevention strategies for future pandemics, particularly the importance of early detection of biological threats. Delve into the concept of a global pathogen early warning system, discussing its potential to improve disease reporting, data sharing, and swift response.

Consider questions like:

• What are the tradeoffs between different technologies? Which systems are better suited low-resource areas vs well-resourced areas?
• What is the usefulness of detection at various points in the pandemic?
• Are there any systems you think could work well but aren’t mentioned here?
• What risks should we be aware of when collecting this information?

This week's resources focus on the theme of improving global preparedness and response to potential pandemics and biological threats. Proposals include significant investments in technological advancement, infrastructure enhancement, disease surveillance, and international coordination to rapidly develop and deploy countermeasures during potential health crises.